![]() Moreover, alcohol use appears to be an important factor in understanding the relationship between IPV and pregnancy. Alcohol use among pregnant women attending shebeens is alarmingly high. In general, experiencing and perpetrating IPV were associated with alcohol use among all participants except for men with pregnant partners. High rates of alcohol frequency, consumption, binge drinking, consumption and binge drinking were reported across the entire sample. Men with pregnant partners reported the highest rates of hitting sex partners, forcing a partner to have sex, and being forced to have sex. Daily or almost daily binge drinking was reported twice as often among pregnant women than non-pregnant women (8.4% vs. For pregnant women, 61% reported attending the bar that evening to drink alcohol and 26% reported both alcohol use and currently experiencing IPV. Among women 13.3% reported being pregnant, and among men 12.0% reported their partner pregnant. We surveyed 2,120 men and women attending drinking establishments in a township located in the Western Cape of South Africa. For the current study we sought to examine how pregnancy, for both men and women, is related to alcohol use behaviors and IPV. ![]() Particularly in impoverished townships in the Western Cape, pregnant women live in environments where alcohol intake during pregnancy has become normalized and interpersonal violence (IPV) is reported at high rates. The highest rates of fetal alcohol syndrome worldwide can be found in South Africa.
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